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Multitenancy in Django

The concept of Multitenancy in Django

Multitenancy can be implemented in Django, a popular Python web framework, using various techniques and approaches. Django provides a flexible environment that allows you to design and build multitenant applications.

Multitenancy in Django Releases - Tutorial provided by AppSeed.

Here are some common methods for implementing multitenancy in Django:

✅ Shared Schema Approach​

In this approach, all tenants share the same database schema, but data is segregated using a tenant identifier in each table. This identifier associates each record with a specific tenant.

You can implement this approach using a middleware component that adds a tenant_id to each query based on the current tenant's context.

Libraries like django-tenant-schemas provide tools to manage shared-schema multitenancy.

✅ Isolated Schema Approach​

Each tenant has its own database schema. This approach ensures complete data isolation between tenants, but it can be more resource-intensive.

Django allows you to set up multiple database connections in your settings, and you can dynamically switch between them based on the current tenant.

Libraries like django-tenants help with managing isolated-schema multitenancy.

✅ Dynamic Routing Approach​

With this approach, you dynamically choose the database connection based on the current tenant during the request processing.

You can create custom middleware or decorators to switch between database connections for different tenants.

Here's a basic example of implementing multitenancy in Django using the shared schema approach:

# Middleware to set the current tenant based on the request
class TenantMiddleware:
    def __init__(self, get_response):
        self.get_response = get_response

    def __call__(self, request):
        # Determine the current tenant based on the request (e.g., subdomain, header, etc.)
        tenant = get_tenant_from_request(request)
        
        # Set the current tenant for this request
        set_current_tenant(request, tenant)
        
        response = self.get_response(request)
        return response

# Custom manager for models to filter records by tenant
class TenantModelManager(models.Manager):
    def get_queryset(self):
        # Filter records by the current tenant
        return super().get_queryset().filter(tenant=get_current_tenant())

# Sample model using the custom manager
class MyModel(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=255)
    tenant = models.ForeignKey(Tenant, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    
    # Attach the custom manager
    objects = TenantModelManager()

# Example usage in a view
def my_view(request):
    # Query the model for records of the current tenant
    data = MyModel.objects.all()
    return render(request, 'template.html', {'data': data})

✅ In Summary​

This is a simplified example, and in a real-world scenario, you'd need to handle database routing, migrations, and security considerations more carefully. Depending on your specific requirements, you may choose a shared schema or isolated schema approach and implement the necessary components to make multitenancy work in your Django application.

Libraries and packages like django-tenant-schemas and django-tenants can simplify many of the tasks involved in implementing multitenancy in Django.

✅ Resources​